Process of making gas.



G.J.VVF1BER.

PROCESS Uf MAKING GAS.

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Patented. Oct. 28, 1913 3 SHEETS-SHEET lV i. J. WEBER.

PROCESS 0F MAKING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED Jmlo, 1908.

'Patenned uen. 28,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

`G. J. WEBER.

I PROCESS OP MAKING GAS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 1o. 19911,

v Patented 001.2111913.

' 3 'SHEILTS-SHEET 3,

MNI/ENTOR.

W n@ m9/ pipes 18 and 19 arerpreferably embedded in the sheath 2lv toprotect them from the heat .of the combustion chamber. rlhe ring 4 1'6fis preferably of tapering form'with itsouter A.Wall having the sameangle of inclination as vthe outer wall of the sheath 2l. Encircling thesheath; 21 and secured to the inner wall of the .casing 1 is ahorizontal ring 22 havi ing an annular flange 23 which is secured to thecasing 1. Projecting downwardly from lthe bottom of the ring 22 adjacentto its' 1n- I:ner edge are a plurality of vertical fingers i which arespaced at equal distances apart .around the ring. The ring is alsoprovided with a plurality of vertical holes 25 dis- Aosed intermediatethe fingers 24 and the -iiange 2 3 and which connect with an annularflue space 26 provided in the lowerA Aend Otan annular lining of fireclay'which rests .upon the ring 22 and is denoted by 27. 4

The casing 1 land tire cla lining 27 are 'i provided'with a plurality ostoke holes 28,4

l Athe outerends of which are normally dlosed byl suitable closures 29pivoted to ring brackets 30 secured to the outer Wall of the' Casin 1.The Stoke holes 28 preferably Hare fglownwardly and laterally.

Through the casing 1 and lining 27 extends horizontally a safety outlet31 normally closed at its outer end by a vertical,

annular flue space 26 at substantially diametrically opposite points. Aconductor 38 has one end connected with the conductor i 37the other endbeing connected withA the carbu'reter 39 of a gas engine 40. A valve 41is provided in the conductor 38. The two parallel arms of the conductor37 extend respectively through two horizontal boilers- 42, and serve Atoheat the water which is held in said boilers. Each boiler 42 is providedon its upper side with a water inlet 43. To prevent the boiler fillingwith water,. each boiler is provided with a disdharge pipe 44 connectedto-Jone side, some distance above the bottom of the boiler and below thetop thereof. Each pipe 44 is downwardly turned at its outer end, whichend proiects .into a. vessel 45 having an open upper ond to permit thewater escapingwvhen the vessel is filled. The water in the vessel 45submerges the outer Iend of the. pipe 44 and serves as a water seal toprevent steam escaping. Two conductors 46 are 'connected respectively atone set of ends with the uper sides of theboilers 42 to carry the steamormed in the boilers to the conductor 8 with which' the other set ofends connect. Each conductor 46 is provided with a valve 47 forregulating the amount of steam admitted "to the conductor 8; i

A water conductor 48 havingA a valve 49 extends upwardly in the' pipe 7and is provided at its upper end with horizontal dischargeA ortions 50which extend in dia- -metrical y opposite directions through the pipe 7and ring 16. The conductor 48 serves to convey water or steamslightlyabove the boiling point, into the combustion chamber for thepurpose hereinafter described.

For the purpose of stirring the fuel so as to make it feed evenly and tomake the fuel more porous, the followin described stirring mechanism isprovi cd1-A stirring bar, preferably tubular so as to contain water, anddenoted by 51 has a vertical portion the upper end of which isrotatively fitted in a vertical hole provided in ahori.

Zontal` spider 52 the arms of which are secured to ithe walls oftheinlet The bar 51- is provided with a vertical cylindrical projection 53which is rotatively mounted in a socket54 provided in the central partofthe upper end of the cap 9. The bar 51 is provided above the stud -orprojection 53 ywith a horizontal extension having at its outer end adownwardly extendingportion adapted to enter the fuel and stir it whenthe barl is turned in its bearings. To oscillate the bar 51 to and froit has secured to it a bevel gear wheel 55 which meshes with a bevelgear wheel 56 secured at the inner end of a horizontal shaft 57 whichextends through the casing l and lining 27 and is mounted in bearings 58and 59 secured respectively to the outer side of the casing 1 and theinner vand under side of the head4. ltigidly secured to the shaft 57outside the' casing 1 is a pulley wheel 60. Rotatively mounted onthe'sbaft 57 at opposite sides'of laterally by any suitable beltshifting mechanisrn not shown, so that each belt ma alternately engagethe center pulley whee and one ot the lateral pulley wheels, therebyeffecting, in a well known manner, the `rotai tion of .the'shaft 57 inopposite directions, and through said .shaft and bevel wheels 55 and 56elfecting oscillation of the stirring bar 51.' With some fuels it is notnecessa to employ Water to cool the cap 9, in vwhic case, the 'pipes 14may be dis ensed with. ln such case the belts need not e shifted asabove described but ma main in the position slown. in Fi 1 Ain' whichposition the bar and shaft wil roh.

the pulley wheel 60 are pulley wheels 61 and l Two belts 63 and 64 whichrun in'opposite directions are adaptedto be shifted l be allowed tor'e-' continuously in one direction, the .bar 51M; 'lo

scribing circles aroundthe cap 9.A

fagieiy seems tous bar s1 bevute geur wheel 55 are two collars 65between.

which is-located the end of a lever 66 which extends' through thevertical wall of the inlet 5 and is pivoted to a bracket 67 secured tothe outer wallof said inlet. The

. lower end of a bar 68 is secured to the upper and with whichl saidlever engages when4 forced to the position shown in dotted linesin-Fig. 1. When so' positioned the lever 66 will raise the bar 51 sothat the gearf 55 will clear the gear 56, thereby causing a' stoppageofrotary movementl of the bar-.51

and raising the bar 'partly from the fuel.

Van

In operating the apparatus above described water 1s placed in the basin3 so as tc submerge the lower end of the casing 1. Ashes are placedwithin the' combustion chamber so as to fill the same to a'. planethrough 'the conductor due to the action of fingers 24.

corresponding with the'lower ends of the The ashes are denoted in Fig, 2by' 70; The fuel is then placed upon ther ashes and ignited in the usualmanner, air

and steam being supplied to the pipe 7 8 by suction or by pressurethrough the instrumentality of an air pump,`not shown. The air and steamentering the combustion chamber through the inlet openings11 is ivenawhirli movement by the curve win passes downwardly and outwar 'the fuelto and between the iin which the gaseous products o combustion the airand steam upon the Warning fuel, pass abru tly upwardly through the:openings or ho es 25 into the annular flue space 26, there dividing andpassing there om by the two arms of the conductor' 37 into the conductor38'by which the gas is carried to thepoint of use, as for ly throughinstance 'to thecarbireter ,39 of the gas enfine 40. When the:1s/produced has become of a suitable c `I r, the engine 40 may be'employed' to quired ai f combustio Ci'ihainber'.' l hatportion of thefuel, 'denti/iii; i

ara

candescen't, 'and yas it descends is gradually :converted/"into gaseousvproducts which ss through the'ngcrs 24 and-to asheswliich are/.depositedupon the bed of ashes 70.

lFre/mtime to time ashes. are withdrawn tremiti basin 3 ,under thecasing 1, care deposited intothe lcombustion chamber through the feed"inlet 5. This unignited fuel denoted luy-72 falls ugo!! the top of the lcapi? and diverges there om downwardly. The cap 9, being of greaterdiameter-than 10, an f ers 24, afterY eil' t' the Y suction rey d 'bvfi7-1y ndlying between thev ashes Ztl/eind the openings 11 becomes inthe pipe 7 a central space is afforded. which permits the free ingressof the air and steam. The air and steam is introduced into the fuelintermediate the incandescent and unignited fuel and passes downwardlyand outwardly throu h `the incandescent fuel 7l p in the form sustantially of an annular flaring sheet. The greatest heat is produced ashort distance from the place of entrance' of the air and steam into thefuel, and as a' result the clinker produced by combustion and denoted by73 is forme around the central tubular core, as shown in F ig. 2.-

A In mostgas producers the clinker forms on the Walls of the producer`and is with ditiiculty dislodged therefrom. With the use of myinvent-ion, the clinker forms centrally in the fuel just below the greenor unignited fuel and in the form of a ring.I If undisturbed this ringlike clinker would seriously interfere with the production of gas ofeven composition by impeding the entrance of the required amount ofsteam and air into the combustion chamber. B reason of the location of.the,clinker as fbrmed directly vbeneath the unignited fuel pieces ofsuch fuel become embedded in the soft clinker and afterward-are burnedout, thusmakving the clinker a porous body'through which fthe steam andair can pass. When .the

clinker ringbecomes of suiicient size to merit attention, water'isadmitted to the combustion chamber by roperly manipulating the valve 49in t e pipe 48. `The water is discharged from the .branches 50 of thepipe 48 against the inner wall of the annular clinker 73 which is inahighly heated condition. The effect of contact of Water upon the highlyheated clinker ring is to disintegrate it and to'cau's it to break intosmall pieces which separately work downwardly through the incandescent.fuel 71 and enter therashes 70, as shown in Fig. 2. The water employedto disintegrate the clinker absorbs heat from the jchnker by reason ofitslimpingin against the inner wall of the clinker an does not, for thisreason, have. the effect of lowering the'temperature theincandescent'fuel 71, such as would. be the case if the'water weredischarged directly into the ignited fuel instead of against the vinnerwall of the clinker. .lh ,water thus' admitted,.after disintegratmg theclinker 73, passes therethrough and vinto the incandescentuel 71. At thetime iitr'lreaches the incandescent'fuel it has be- Y Acome superheatedby the heat absorbed from .the clinker and is therefore speedilyA de?.comp'osed by-the incandescent fuel 71 to form carbon monosid andhydrogen. which are both valuable constituents of thel gas that is beingmade:

From the above it will be noted that the 'water admittedinto.. lthe fuel*bodyv below the air' and steamjnlet/s '11 'and within the les spaceencircled by the annular sheet formed by the air and steam andgaseous'products iwithin the incandescent vfuel 71 performs :,twofunctions, namely, that'of disintegrating theclinker, andof providinggas constituents.

" By reason of the introduction ofthe air and steam into the fuel bodyintermediate the incandescent and unignited portions thereof, andpassing the air and steam down-1 wardly through the incandescent fuel,an

' annular clinkcr is formed which has embed- Iii ded in it some of thelunburned fuel, which afterward burning out produces a porous clinkerthrough which the air and steam 'can pass to enter the incandescentfuel. As

above described this annular clinker can be readily-broken 'up by theaction of water directed against its inner surface, thereby supplying'superheated steam to the incandescent fuel without materially loweringthe temperature of such fuel.

. By reason of the' introduction of air and steam intermediate theincandescent and unignited `fuel and passing the air and steamdownwardly through the incandescent fuel,

the volatile substances and tarry constituentsof the unburned fuel arecarried downwardly with the air and steam and are disassociated by theintense heat of the incandescent fuel t form fixed gases such as -carbonmonoxid and hydrogen. The cari bonic acid gas produced by initialcombustion is also carried downwardly and is decomposed bytheincandescent -fuel to' form carbon monoxid.

VBy reason of the air vand'steam being lintroduced cent-rally into thefuel intermediate the' incandescent and unignited fuel and then passeddownwardly and outwardly in the form of a flaring sheet of annular'sli'apef the air and ysteam is supplied to the fuel in a manneradapted-to produce the The result of thus diffusing the air and steam Yair and steam.

supplied tothe yfu'el is to cause the production of a gas'of exceedinglyuniform composition-and Wholly'free from tar.

By imparting a whirling movement to the air and steam as it enters thefuel body, the formation of fines or pipes is to a'great extent avoided,and the fuel. is, therefore, more evenly subjected to the action of thesteam and air than would be the case were this whirling* ovemcnt notgiven to the By passing the gaseous products abruptly upwardly afterthey have passed from thev incandescent fuel', light v ashesandimpalpable pow-dersare mechanically separated and dropped from thegaseous products and are deposited upon `the bed of ashes 70. To retain,a homogeneous fuel bed and to cause the even feeding of the unignitedl`fi1el, the lever 66 is swung to the position shown in solid lines inFig. 1. In this positidn'it will effect an oscillation of the stirringbar 51 in the manner already described. i

The central tubular core, comprising the pipe 7, ring 16, sheath21andbase 20, is preferably of flaring or conical shape so that theincandescent fuel body is given a flaring form corresponding to acertain extent `.with the shape of the sheet of air and steam andgaseous product-s passing through the incandescent fuel to the fingers24. The incandescent fuel by reason of this shape is thinner incrosssecton near its bottom poi-tion than at its upper portion and isthus dis posed in position to have all portions evenly acted upon by theair and steam.

By first opening the valve 49-and then -closing it, the pipe 48 may befilled with water which the heat of the tubular core will `cause to begenerated into steam which .will be unconined and will, therefore, passinto the combustion. chamber at a comparatively low temperature,slightly above that of boiling water. Or the Valve 49 may be left openlong enough to permitA water to pass from the pipe 48 into thecombustion chamber. The operation of the valve 49 should correspond withthe amount of fuel consumed and also with the character of thel fuelemployed.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is:'-

1. The process consistingin providing a body of fuel comprisingincandescent fuel and unignited fuel resting thereupon, and introducingairinto the fuel body intermediate the ignited and 'unignitcd portions',the air at the' time of its admission into the fuel having imparted toit a whirling movc- 1nent," th e air and resultant gaseous productsbeing then passed downwardly and outwardly through thejncandescent fuelin subslanially the form of Aan annular flaring s ee. l

2. The process consisting in providing a body of fuel comprisingincandescent fuel and unignitcd fuel resting thereupon, and introducingmixed air und steam into the fuel body il'ite'rmediate the ignited andunignitcd portions, the mixed air and Steam ut the time'of admission tothe fuel having imparted to il a whirling movement, the mixed beingthen'pusscd downwardly'- und outwa-rdly through the incandescent fuel'in substantially the form of an annular flarin'!l 'sheet'. Y ""i' steamand air and resultant gaseous products normale 3. @he process consistingin introducing air into a body of incandescentfuel and then passing theair outwardly in substantially an annular sheet, and subjecting theinner 'portion of the. annular sheet to the action of water, which isthereby converted into steam which with the gaseous products is passedthrough the incandescent fuel. A

4. The process consisting in introducing air into a body 'of fuelintermediate incandescent and unignited portions thereof, then passingthe air and resultant gaseous products downwardly through theincandescent fuel in substantially the form of an annular sheet,- andsubjecting the inner portion of the annular sheet to the action ofwater, which is thereby converted into steam which' with the gaseousproducts-is passed through the incandescent fuel.

5. The process consisting-in introducing air into a body of fuelintermediate incandescent and unignited AAportions thereof, the air atthe time of its admission having a whirling. movement imparted to it,then Passing the air downwardly and outwardly 1n the form of a flaringannular sheet through the incandescent fuel, and introduc ing intothefuel below the point of introduction of the air and within said annularsheet water, which is thereby converted intoI steam which with thegaseous products is passed through the incandescent fuel.

6. The process consistingin introducing mixed air and steam into a bodyof fuel intermediate incandescent and unignited .portions thereof, theair and steam being provided with a whirling movement at the time of itsadmission, then passing the mixed air and steam and the resultantgaseous products downwardly and outwardly' through the incandescent fuelin substantially the form of a flaring annular sheet, and introducingwater into the fuel at a point below the point of introduction of theair and steam and within the space encircled by said annular sheet,then/atei' being converted into steam Whichwith the gaseous products ispassed through the incandescent fuel 7. The process consisting inintroducing. mixed air and steam into a body of fuel in termediateincandescent and unignited pon tions thereof, then passing the mixed airand steam and the resultant gaseous products downwardly through theincandescent fuel in substantially the form of an annular sheet, andintroducing;- water into the fuel below the point of admissionof the airand steam and'witbin the space encircled by said sheet, the Water beingconverted into steam which with the gaseous products is passed throughthe'incandescent fuel.

8; The process consisting in introducing mixed air and steam into a bodyof fuel intermediate incandescent and unignited portions thereof, thenpassing the mixed air and steam and the resultant aseous productsdownwardly through the incandescent fuel in substantially thev form ofan .annular sheet, and intermittently introducing Water into'the fuel ata Point belen7 the point of admission of the airand steam and Within thespace encircled by said sheet, the Water being converted into steamwhich with the gaseous products is passed through the incandescent fuel.

9. The processv consisting in providing a body of fuel comprisingincandescent tuel and unignited uegl resting thereupon, and introducinair into the fuel body intermediate o the ignited and the unignitedportions, the air and resultant gaseous products being then passeddownwardly and outwardly. through the incandescent vfuel insubstantially the form of an annular daring sheet. y

In testimony whereof I have signed .my name to this specification inpresence of two subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE J. WEBER. Witnesses E. B. House, d. C. lawns.

